『保健医療科学』第68巻 第4号(2019年10月)
特集:健康先進国に求められる文化に即した保健医療―災害保健活動に焦点を当てて― <短報>
季節性インフルエンザ流行期における小学校学級閉鎖発生日とその前日前々日の絶対湿度との関連性
遠田健一1),牛山明2),宮崎元伸1)
1)さいたま市健康科学研究センター
2)国立保健医療科学院
抄録
目的:季節性インフルエンザの流行と絶対湿度には相関関係があることが示されているが,国内におけるインフルエンザの流行に関する研究では国立感染症研究所の感染症発生動向調査などの週報が主に用いられている.また研究対象地域も県を対象とした広い地域を対象としたものが多い.本研究ではこれまでの知見を基に,市域レベルの小地域でより短期間のインフルエンザの流行の動きについて解析を試みた.特に,インフルエンザ流行期において,学級閉鎖報告日の前日,前々日の絶対湿度とその後実施された学級閉鎖の日数との比較を行い,絶対湿度とその後の学級閉鎖の相関を検討した.
方法:インフルエンザ流行期間について,日毎に集計した学級閉鎖実施日及び閉鎖学級数のデータと市内26地点に設置した温湿度計から取得した気象データを基にインフルエンザの流行と絶対湿度との関係を調べた.
結果:2010,2011,2014年度のインフルエンザ流行期間中の閉鎖学級数とその報告日前日の絶対湿度との関係を調べた結果,絶対湿度が低いほど閉鎖学級数が多くなる傾向が見られ,大規模な学級閉鎖はおよそ1.0~4.0g/kg(DA)の間で起こっていた.また,しきい値を4.2g/kg(DA)として絶対湿度と学級閉鎖日数の関係を調べたところ,2010年度は学級閉鎖報告日前日と前々日の双方で有意差が見られたものの, 2011, 2014年度についてはどちらも有意な差は認められなかった.
結論:今回検討した条件では学級閉鎖前の絶対湿度と学級閉鎖日数について,年度により関連の有無にばらつきが見られた.他の気象情報のほか,感染の影響を考慮した検討が必要となる.また,インフルエンザ流行に関する先行研究の多くは広い地域を対象としてインフルエンザの流行と絶対湿度との関係性を導いているが,その成果が小地域についてもいえることが示された.
キーワード:インフルエンザ,絶対湿度,学級閉鎖
Abstract
Objectives: It has been indicated that there is a correlation between the epidemic of seasonal influenza and absolute humidity. Studies on influenza epidemic in Japan mainly use weekly reports such as the Infectious Diseases Weekly Report from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Also, many of such studies are focused on large areas and are conducted at a prefectural level. This study analyzed trends in shorter-term influenza epidemic in small areas at a city level, based on existing knowledge. Particularly, the study compared the number of days of class closure and absolute humidity on the two days preceding the announcement of closure with the aim of examining the correlation between changes in absolute humidity and the number of days of subsequent class closure during the influenza epidemic season.
Methods: Data on the dates of class closure and the number of days of class closure were aggregated on a daily basis and weather data from thermo-hygrometers set at 26 sites in the city were collected. The relationship between influenza epidemic and absolute humidity were compared with reference to these data.
Results: An examination of the relationship between the number of days of class closure and absolute humidity on the preceding day of the announcement of the closure during the influenza epidemic season in the 2010, 2011 and 2014 academic years revealed a tendency for class closures to be associated with low absolute humidity. Large-scale class closures occurred when absolute humidity was 1.0-4.0g/kg (DA). Furthermore, an examination of the relationship between absolute humidity and the number of days of class closure with a threshold value of 4.2g/kg (DA) revealed significant correlations between the number of days of class closure and absolute humidity on both of the two days preceding the announcement of closure for the 2010 academic year. However, no significant correlations were observed for either of the two days preceding an announcement of closure for the 2011 and 2014 academic years.
Conclusion: Under the conditions investigated in this study, there was a spread between academic years in terms of correlations between absolute humidity prior to class closure and the number of days of class closure.
Thus, the study suggested that other types of weather information and the impact of infection should be studied in future studies. Many preceding studies on influenza epidemics have drawn conclusions based on results from research in large areas, and this study indicated that such conclusions may apply to small areas as well.
keywords: influenza, absolute humidity, class closure