『保健医療科学』 保健医療科学 2025 Vol.74 No.3 p.267- 276(2025年8月)
特集:日本の健康的で持続可能な食環境づくりのための戦略的イニシアチブをはじめとする食環境整備の現状とこれから
<総説>
職場の食環境づくり:保健所の特定給食施設指導を活用した勤労者の減塩の試み
坂口景子1),武見ゆかり2)
1) 淑徳大学看護栄養学部
2)女子栄養大学栄養学部
Promoting a healthy food environment at work: Attempts at reducing salt intake by workers through specific food service acility guidance by public health centers
SAKAGUCHI Keiko1),TAKEMI Yukari2)
1) College of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University
2) Graduate School of Nutrition Science, Kagawa Nutrition University
<抄録>
健康日本 21(第三次)では,健康寿命の延伸と健康格差の縮小に向けて,社会環境の整備が重要とされている.企業における従業員の健康づくりは,健康経営の観点から近年ますます重要視されており,その推進において,食環境づくりが重要な取り組みの 1 つとして位置付けられている.例えば,健康経営顕彰制度の申請に必要な健康経営度調査の調査項目の中には,食生活改善に向けた支援として食環境の改善(食物へのアクセスの整備と情報へのアクセスの整備および両者を統合した整備)に関する項目が多く含まれている.先行研究によると,食物へのアクセスの改善(健康的な食事の提供や誘導)の方が情報を提供するだけの教育・普及啓発よりも効果は大きく,両者を組み合わせることによって効果は高まる.そして健康経営の一環として実施することによってさらに効果が期待できることが報告されている.
また,給食施設を有する事業所に対しては,健康増進法に基づく保健所による特定給食施設指導が重要である.先行研究では,事業所の給食施設を利用した食環境の改善は,野菜摂取量の増加,食塩摂取量の減少,体重コントロール,メタボリックシンドロームの改善に寄与することが報告されている.しかし,管轄する保健所による特定給食施設指導との関連は明確でない.そこで著者らは保健所と協力して,特定給食施設指導を通し,管内の事業所を対象に社員食堂へのスマートミール®の導入と全メニューの減塩等を実施した.1 年後と 2 年後に従業員の食塩摂取量の低減,血圧値(収縮期,拡張期)の低下が認められた.職場の食環境づくりにおける保健所等自治体の役割の重要性が示唆された.
健康日本 21(第三次)では,「利用者に応じた食事を提供している特定給食施設の増加」が目標として掲げられ,事業所等の給食施設に管理栄養士・栄養士を配置している施設を増やすことが目標とされている.職域における食物へのアクセスの改善による効果を示していくことが重要である.特定給食施設指導は,健康増進法に基づく保健所の業務であるが,利用者の健康づくりは,地域住民の働き世代の健康づくり,生活習慣病の予防のためにも重要であり,各自治体における特定給食施設指導の強化が求められる.
キーワード:食環境,職場の介入,減塩,保健所,特定給食施設
Abstract
Health Japan 21 (the third term) emphasizes the importance of improving social environments to extend healthy life expectancy and reduce health disparities. In recent years, promoting employee health has become increasingly important among Japanese companies participating in the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industryʼs “KENKO Investment for Health (KIH)” program, which recognizes corporate efforts to improve health management, and identifies promoting a healthy food environment as a key initiative. For example, a KIH survey required to apply for certification as a KIH Outstanding Organization includes many items related to improving the food environment (food availability and information availability, integrating both) as part of overall efforts to improve eating habits. Studies show that improving food availability is more effective than education alone, and combining both yields better outcomes. Additional effects are expected when implemented under the KIH initiative.
For workplaces with food service facilities, it is particularly important for public health centers to provide specific guidance under the Health Promotion Act. Studies have reported that improving the food environment through workplace cafeterias contributes to increased vegetable intake, reduced salt intake, better weight management, and improved metabolic syndrome. However, it remains uncertain as to whether they were conducted under the supervision or guidance of public health centers, which are responsible for designated food service facilities. Therefore, we collaborated with a public health center to implement Smart Meal® at employee cafeterias and reduce salt across all menu items through guidance targeting businesses in its jurisdiction. During the one- to two-year intervention period, mployeesʼ salt intake was reduced, and blood pressure levels were lowered. It has been suggested that health centers and other local government facilities played an important role in promoting healthy workplace food environments.
Health Japan 21 (the third term) aims to increase the number of specific food service facilities that provide meals tailored to usersʼ needs, and to raise the number of facilities employing registered dietitians or nutritionists in the workplace and other food service settings. It is important to improve food availability in the workplace and demonstrate the effectiveness of these measures.
Specific guidance for designated food service facilities is the responsibility of public health centers under the Health Promotion Act. Promoting employee health is also important for preventing lifestyle-related diseases among local residents. Therefore, strengthening such guidance by local governments is urgently required.
keywords : food environment, workplace intervention, salt reduction, public health center, specific food service facilities