『保健医療科学』 2023 第72巻 第2号 p.98-109(2023年5月)
特集 : with コロナ時代の持続可能なエイズ対策—新規感染ゼロへの挑戦—<資料>
日本のエイズ治療の拠点病院における抗 HIV 療法の優れた治療成績
横幕能行
国立病院機構名古屋医療センター臨床研究センター
Successful outcomes of antiretroviral therapy at the AIDS Core Hospitals in Japan
YOKOMAKU Yoshiyuki
Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, National Hospital Organization
抄録
エイズ治療の拠点病院は,HIVと共に生きる人々に対し主に医療サービスを提供してきた.2021年末時点で,都道府県によって377施設の拠点病院が設置されている.抗HIV療法は,主に拠点病院において,HIVと共に生きる人々に提供されている.高額な治療費負担は国民皆保険制度下の身体障害者手帳等の社会福祉サービスにより軽減されている.
全国の拠点病院を対象に行われたエイズ治療の現況調査によると,拠点病院には2021年には約28,000人のHIVと共に生きる人々が定期通院中であり,これらの施設での抗HIV療法の継続率と治療の成功率はそれぞれ94%及び99%以上であることが明らかになった.また,この高い治療継続率と治療成功率は,施設の場所や定期通院者数に依存せず,抗HIV療法の治療成績の高い水準での均てん化が証明された.日本は,UNAIDSが2030年までの達成を目標とした「95-95-95 targets」の 2 番目及び 3 番目の「95%」を達成できると予想される.このように,拠点病院は,抗HIV療法の提供により,日本の全てのHIVと共に生きる人々の平均余命と生活の質の向上に貢献してきた.
近年,抗HIV療法の進歩により,HIVと共に生きる人々に対する医療の主な目的は,糖尿病,脂質
異常症,AIDSに関連しない癌などの合併症や併存疾患の予防と治療となっている.ほとんどの拠点病院は,その地域で緊急および高度な医療を提供する役割も担っている.拠点病院でエイズ診療に従事する医師は,抗HIV療法のみならず他の疾患の管理へのエフォートが大きくなっており,現在の診療レベルの維持には負担が大きくなっている.また,拠点病院がHIVと共に生きる人々の全ての医療の課題に対処することは,その本来の病院機能を考えると必ずしも望ましくない.
日本の現在の抗HIV療法の高い成功率を維持するためには,HIVと共に生きる人々の診療が拠点病院に著しく依存している現状を是正する必要がある.拠点病院であるかどうかにかかわらず,すべての医療機関が拠点病院との連携のもと,HIVと共に生きる人々の診療に関わる体制への移行が望ましい.同時に,その取り組みの過程で,抗HIV療法の治療成績等を評価可能な全国的なサーベイランス体制の確立と維持も重要である.
キーワード:拠点病院,抗HIV療法,95-95-95 targets
Abstract
The AIDS Core Hospitals mainly provide medical services to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Japan. As of the end of 2021, roughly three hundred and eighty hospitals have been developed by prefectural governments, with the participation of medical harm victims of hemophilia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is provided to PLWHA mainly at the AIDS Core Hospitals, by physicians who have been screened and designated by local governments, and is supported by excellent national healthcare insurance systems.
According to a nationwide questionnaire survey, in 2021, approximately twenty-eight thousand PLWHA received care at the AIDS Core Hospitals, and the continuation rates of ART and the treatment success rates at those hospitals were more than 95% and 99%, respectively. The results of the survey also revealed that the high treatment retention and treatment success rates were independent of both hospital location and treatment experience. Japan is expected to meet the second and third 95 of the 95-95-95 targets that have been set by UNAIDS. Thus, the AIDS Core Hospitals have contributed to the improvement of the life expectancy and quality of life of all PLWHA in Japan.
In recent years, due to progress in ART, the main purpose of medical care for PLWHA has become the prevention and treatment of complications and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and non-AIDS-defining cancers. Most AIDS Core Hospitals also have the role of providing emergency and advanced medical care in the regions where they are located. However, doctors at AIDS Core Hospitals are expected to be responsible not only for ART, but also for management of the other chronic diseases of PLWHA. The amount of effort required for these physicians is too substantial for the quality of medical care to be maintained. It is undesirable, given its intrinsic hospital role, for the AIDS Core Hospitals to address all of the medical issues of PLWHA.
In order to ensure sustainability of the maintenance of the current high success rate of ART, the high dependence of care for PLWHA on AIDS Core Hospitals should be resolved. In the future, the medical care provision system for PLWHA in Japan should be innovated. In particular, it is necessary to shift to a medical service system in which all medical institutions, irrespective of whether they are AIDS Core Hospitals, are engaged in the treatment of PLWHA in cooperation with the AIDS Core Hospitals. In addition, the establishment and maintenance of a nationwide surveillance system to evaluate ART treatment outcomes is also important.
keywords : AIDS Core Hospital, antiretroviral therapy, 95-95-95 targets