『保健医療科学』 2023 第72巻 第3号 p.212 －223（2023年8月）
特集：身の回りに潜む健康リスクと我が国の安全管理への取組
＜総説＞
私たちの身の回りにある放射線リスクに対する取組
―原子力事故，医療放射線など産業利用，自然放射線への対応―
山口一郎1），志村勉1），寺田宙1），温泉川肇彦1），吉冨真理1），松繁卓哉2）
1）国立保健医療科学院生活環境研究部
2）国立保健医療科学院医療・福祉サービス研究部
How should we cope with the radiation risks associated with our lives?:
Social issues regarding the nuclear accident, medical and industrial radiation, and natural radiation
YAMAGUCHI Ichiro 1), SHIMURA Tsutomu 1), TERADA Hiroshi 1),
YUNOKAWA Toshihiko 1), YOSHITOMI Mari 1), MATSUSHIGE Takuya 2)
1) Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health
2) Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health
抄録
2011 年の東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故以降，社会において放射線リスクへの対応が必要となった．関係者の大変な努力により，放射線リスクや二次的なリスクの低減が図られている．しかし，原子力事故への対応では紛争が継続しており，近隣諸国への対応も含めて今なお課題となっている．
放射線のリスクとの付き合いは，医療分野の放射線利用も課題となっている．このため，医療法施行規則と電離放射線防止規則が改正され，それぞれ新しいルールが施行されて保健所等での対応も求められている．
自然放射線に対して国外では飲料水中の放射性物質や屋内ラドンだけでなく一般消費剤に含まれる自然放射性物質が公衆衛生上の課題として認識され，対策が講じられている．
以上を踏まえ，本誌でも扱われてきた原子力事故対応での放射線リスクの扱いについて社会科学的な視点も含めてフォローアップとして概説するとともに，地方自治体でも対応が求められる医療・産業分野の事例や将来的に国内でも対応が求められるであろう課題に関しても概説した．
キーワード：原子力事故，医療放射線，自然放射線，保健所，熟議
Abstract
Since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Company in 2011, we have been faced with radiation risks. Through the efforts of all involved parties, both the radiation risks and secondary risks have been reduced. However, social conflicts continue to occur, and relations with neighboring countries are also a challenge.
The medical field is also faced with the challenge of dealing with radiation risks. The Enforcement Regulations of the Medical Service Act and the Regulations for Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards have been revised, and public health centers are also required to take appropriate measures.
Overseas member states that have joined the international organization have begun to recognize not only radioactive materials in drinking water and indoor radon, but also naturally radioactive materials in common consumer goods as a public health issue, and have begun to take action.
With regard to the above issues, this report follows up on the handling of radiation risks in response to the nuclear power plant accident that have been discussed in this journal, including a social science perspective, and also outlines radiation issues in the medical and industrial fields that local governments are expected to address, as well as natural radiation issues that Japan will be required to deal with in the future. This report also outlines the issues of radiation in the medical and industrial fields that public health centers are expected to address, as well as the issues of natural radiation that need to be addressed in Japan in the near future.
keywords: nuclear accident response, medical radiation, natural radiation, public health centers, deliberation