『保健医療科学』 2025 第74巻 第1号 p.28-42(2025年2月)
Topics:Recent topics in public health in Japan 2025 <Review>
<Review> Evolution and future prospects of Japanʼs law for supporting children requiring medical care
SHIMOKAWA Kazuhiro1), KANAZAWA Yuka2),YUKAWA Keiko3)
1) The Laboratory of Community, Caring and Support System
2) Non-Profit Organization Unleash
3) Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Public of Health
<総説> 日本における医療的ケア児支援法制定に至る歴史的沿革と今後の展望
下川和洋1),金澤裕香2),湯川慶子3),
1) 特定非営利活動法人地域ケアさぽーと研究所
2) 特定非営利活動法人アンリーシュ
3) 国立保健医療科学院 疫学・統計研究部
Abstract
The “Law Concerning Support for Children with Medical Care and Their Families” was enacted by the Japanese Diet on June 11, 2021. The challenges surrounding children requiring phlegm suctioning and tube feeding first gained attention in the context of school education in 1988. Since then, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) have implemented various measures to address these issues. These efforts include clarifying the legal interpretation of non-medical personnel performing such acts, authorizing specific procedures under the revised Social Worker and Care Worker Law, and distinguishing acts that are not fundamentally considered medical. This study examines the historical development of these measures, identifies challenges regarding community integration for children with medical care needs, and discusses potential future directions.
keywords : Law concerning support for children with medical care and their families, medical care legislation, medical practice, injunction against substantive illegality, authorized specific acts, non-medical acts
<抄録>
「医療的ケア児及びその家族に対する支援に関する法律」が 2021 年 6 月 11 日に成立したが,学校教育で痰の吸引や経管栄養などが必要な児童生徒の対応の課題が顕在化したのは 1988 年であった.この間,文部科学省や厚生労働省の施策の中で,こうした行為について,医療職でない者が行う法解
釈として,実質的違法性阻却,改正社会福祉士及び介護福祉士法による認定特定行為,原則として医行為でないものなどが示されてきた.あわせて,法施行後の地域生活における課題を整理し,今後の展望を示す.
キーワード:医療的ケア児及びその家族に対する支援に関する法律,医療的ケア,医行為,実質的違法性阻却,認定特定行為,原則として医行為ではないもの
Evolution and future prospects of Japanʼs law for supporting children requiring medical care