『保健医療科学』 保健医療科学 2025 Vol.74 No.4 p.350－ 358（2025年10月）
特集：障害者の就労を通じたダイバーシティ・エクイティ＆インクルージョンの再考
＜解説＞
障害者雇用・就労支援政策の現状
原田自由1），白石杏1），荒井康平2）
1） 厚生労働省職業安定局障害者雇用対策課
2）厚生労働省社会・援護局障害保健福祉部障害福祉課
The current state of employment and vocational support policies for persons with disabilities
HARADA Yoriyuki1），SHIRAISHI Anzu1），ARAI Kohe2）
1） Employment Measures for Persons with Disabilities Division, Employment Security Bureau,Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
2） Welfare Division for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Health and Welfare for Persons with Disabilities,Social Welfare and War Victimsʼ Relief Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
＜抄録＞
我が国の雇用障害者数は増加傾向にある．障害者の就労は，「障害者の雇用の促進等に関する法律」（以下，障害者雇用促進法）及び，「障害者の日常生活及び社会生活を総合的に支援するための法律」が両輪となり支援を実施している．本稿では，障害者雇用政策と障害福祉サービスの現状と課題について紹介する．
障害者雇用促進法は，職業的自立の促進ための総合的な措置を講じ，障害者の職業の安定を図ることを目的としている．具体的には，職業リハビリテーションの推進，障害者雇用率制度と障害者雇用納付金制度，障害者差別と合理的配慮の提供義務等の取組が実施されている．
障害者雇用は着実に進展してきた一方で，雇用の質向上や雇用施策と福祉施策の連携に関する課題があり，障害者雇用促進法の一部改正を含む「障害者の日常生活及び社会生活を総合的に支援するための法律等の一部を改正する法律」（以下，改正障害者総合支援法）が公布された．障害者雇用促進法の部分の主な改正点は，雇用の質の向上のため事業主の責務の追加，雇用率の算定対象の拡大，助成金の拡充・新設，雇用施策と福祉施策の更なる連携強化である．
また，今後の障害者雇用の更なる促進のため「今後の障害者雇用促進制度の在り方に関する研究会」を開催し，障害者の雇用の質の向上や障害者雇用率制度の在り方を検討している．今後の課題は，より一層の障害者雇用の量と質の確保・向上及び福祉と雇用の連携推進である．
障害福祉サービスの現状としては，福祉的就労から一般就労への移行等の支援として，従来から，就労移行支援事業における必要な訓練や求職活動に関する支援，就労継続支援A型や就労継続支援Ｂ型における生産活動等の活動の機会の提供及び必要な訓練，就労定着支援における一般就労に伴う課題解決に向けた支援等が取り組まれている．さらに，改正障害者総合支援法により，就労アセスメントの手法を活用した「就労選択支援」が創設され，2025 年 10 月から実施される．就労選択支援の目的は，働く力と意欲のある障害者に対して，障害者本人が自分の働き方を考えることをサポートするとともに，就労継続支援を利用しながら就労に関する知識や能力が向上した障害者には，本人の希望も重視しながら，就労移行支援の利用や一般就労等への選択の機会を適切に提供することである．
障害のある人と共に働くことが当たり前の社会の実現，そして，障害があっても地域で自立した生活を送るための基盤づくりに向けて，障害者雇用対策及び障害福祉施策の一層の充実を図っていく必要がある
キーワード：障害者雇用，障害者就労支援，福祉政策，雇用政策
Abstract
The number of employed persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Japan is on the rise. Employment measures for PWDs are implemented based on the Act on Employment Promotion of PWDs (AEP-PWDs) and the Act on Comprehensive Support for PWDs (ACSPWDs), which work together to provide support. This paper introduces the status and challenges of employment policies for PWDs and disability welfare services.
The purpose of AEP-PWDs is to bring about occupational stability for PWDs by implementing comprehensive measures to prompt PWDs to become independent in their working lives. Specifically, initiatives such as promotion of vocational rehabilitation, a system for the employment rate of PWDs, and a payment system for employment quotas for PWDs, as well as measures to eliminate discrimination against PWDs and the duty to provide reasonable accommodations are being implemented. While the employment of PWDs has been progressing steadily, challenges remain, such as improving the quality of employment and strengthening the collaboration between employment policies and welfare policies. Therefore, a law to partially amend the ʻLaw for Comprehensive Support for Daily and Social Lives of PWDsʼ (the amended ACSPWDs) has been enacted. The main points of revision are the addition of employersʼ responsibilities to improve the quality of employment, an expansion of the calculation targets for employment rates, the expansion and establishment of new grants, and a further strengthening of collaboration between employment policies and welfare measures. In addition, to further promote the employment of PWDs, we are holding a study group on the future structure of the disability employment promotion system, and examining policies for enhancement of the quality of employment for PWDs and the disability employment rate system. The challenges ahead are to further ensure and improve the quantity and quality of employment for PWDs, and to promote collaboration between welfare and employment.
As for the current situation of welfare services for PWDs, support for transitions from welfare to general employment has traditionally included necessary training and job search support in employment transition support services, provision of opportunities for activities in continuous employment support services Types A and B, along with necessary training for those activities, and support for solving issues related to general employment in employment retention support services. Furthermore, based on the amended ACSPWDs,Employment Choice Support Service, utilizing methods of employment assessment, will be established and implemented from October 2025. The purpose of ʻEmployment Choice Support Serviceʼ is to assist PWDs who have the ability and willingness to work in considering their own ways of working. In addition, for PWDs who have improved their knowledge and skills related to employment while utilizing continuous employment support, an additional purpose is to provide appropriate opportunities for choosing employment transition support or general employment, while also placing importance on the individualʼs preferences.
It is necessary to further enhance mployment measures for PWDs and disability welfare policies, in order to realize a society where working together with PWDs is the norm, and to create a foundation for an independent life in the community, even for those with disabilities.
keywords : Employment of persons with disabilities, vocational support for persons with disabilities, welfare policy, employment policy