『保健医療科学』 保健医療科学 2025 Vol.74 No.5 p.452-460（2025年12月）
特集：公衆衛生看護の未来 ―持続可能な地域保健への挑戦―
＜解説＞
頻発化・激甚化する健康危機への対応を含めた地域保健活動と人材育成
奥田博子1), 3），畠山典子2), 3），
1）国立保健医療科学院統括研究官
2）順天堂大学医療看護学部・大学院医療看護学研究科
3）国立保健医療科学院健康危機管理研究部
Regional health activities and human resource development,
including responses to increasingly frequent and severe health crisis incidents
OKUDA Hiroko1.3），HATAKEYAMA Noriko2.3）
1） Research Managing Director, National Institute of Public Health
2） Faculty of Health Care and Nursing Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University
3） Department of Health Crisis Management, National Institute of Public Health
＜抄録＞
近年，自然災害が激甚かつ頻発化しており，今後も国内のいずれの地域においても，甚大な被害をもたらす可能性のある災害発生のリスクは高まっている．また，地球規模の気候変動がもたらす異常高温，熱波などの異常気象の頻度も増加し，気象変化の影響による健康被害への対策も求められている．さらに，新型コロナウイルス感染症の全国的な感染拡大や，パンデミック禍の災害の発生等，健康危機事案の複雑・困難性の増加がみとめられ，これに関連した法制度などの改訂などが頻繁に行われている．そのため地域の健康へ影響をもたらす健康危機事案の発生を想定し，地域保健活動の中核を担う保健師は，平時および有事に求められる体制や人材育成の強化などに着実に取り組むことが求められている．
本稿では，東日本大震災以降の大規模災害時の実態を踏まえ，昨今の健康危機時の地域保健活動の特徴と，今後に備えた示唆について解説する．
キーワード：健康危機，気候変動，健康被害，地域保健活動，人材育成
Abstract
In recent years, natural disasters have become more severe and frequent, and the risk of disasters capable of causing extensive damage continues to rise in all regions of the country. Furthermore, the frequency of abnormal weather phenomena such as extreme heat and heatwaves caused by global climate change is increasing, necessitating measures to address health hazards resulting from weather changes. Furthermore, the nationwide spread of COVID-19 and the occurrence of disasters during the pandemic have highlighted the increasing complexity and difficulty of health crisis situations. This has led to frequent revisions of related legal systems and regulations. Therefore, anticipating the occurrence of health crisis situations that impact community health, public health nurses̶who play a central role in community health activities̶ are required to steadily work on strengthening the systems and human resource development needed during both peacetime and emergencies.
This paper examines the characteristics of community health activities during recent health crises, drawing on the realities of large-scale disasters since the Great East Japan Earthquake, and offers implications for future preparedness.keywords: health crises, climate change, health impacts, community health initiatives, human resource development
keywords : UHC, Myanmar, JICA, Health System Strengthening, Enhancement of Medical Education