『保健医療科学』 2025 Vol.74 No5 p.488-497(2025年12月)
<資料>
多様な背景を持つ新任期保健師の経験した困難と有用な支援
桐生育恵1),嶋津多恵子2),兼田雅代3),茂木りほ2),4),吹田晋5),守田孝恵1),山田小織6),小野聡枝7),横山徹爾5)
1) 獨協医科大学大学院看護学研究科
2) 国際医療福祉大学大学院医療福祉学研究科
3) 大阪市健康局健康推進部
4) 国立保健医療科学院
5) 国立保健医療科学院生涯健康研究部
6) 佐賀大学医学部看護学科
7) 神奈川県平塚保健福祉事務所秦野センター
Challenges and effective support experienced by novice public health nurses from diverse backgrounds
KIRYU Ikue 1),SHIMAZU Taeko 2),KANEDA Masayo 3), MOTEGI Riho2),4),
FUKITA Susumu5),MORITA Takae 1),YAMADA Saor6), ONO Satoe7),YOKOYAMA Tetsuji5)
1)Graduate School of Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University
2) Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
3) Health Promotion Department, Osaka City Health Bureau
4) National Institute of Public Health
5) Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health
6) Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
7) Hiratsuka Public Health and Welfare Center of Kanagawa Prefecture, Hadano Branch Center
<抄録>
目的:本研究の目的は,多様な背景を持つ新任期保健師の経験した困難と有用な支援を明らかにすることである
方法:職業経験や教育背景,年齢等の多様な背景を持ち,中堅期保健師のプリセプターから指導を受けた経験のある新任期保健師 14名を対象にした.2023年 11月~ 2024年 1月に,経験した困難と有用と感じた支援について,個別またはフォーカスグループインタビューによる半構造化面接をオンラインで行い,質的帰納的に分析した.
結果:前職の就業経験は,看護師 13名,保健師5名,現職の就業年数は平均 1 年 7 か月であった.多様な背景を持つ新任期保健師の経験した困難は,【地域保健活動における視点の転換と実践の難しさ】【前職と比べた保健師業務のマネジメントの難しさ】【専門職経験者としての期待と現実のギャップに伴う葛藤】【保健師業務に必要な基盤知識の理解の難しさ】【自治体職員の役割理解と業務遂行の難しさ】【前職との地域や組織文化の違いに伴う戸惑い】であった.多様な背景を持つ新任期保健師が有用と感じた支援は,【保健師としての対人・地域支援力の育成】【前職の経験を活かした新任期教育体制】【自治体保健師としての実践力の育成】【前職の経験がプレッシャーにならない組織文化】であった
結論:多様な背景に起因する困難として,専門職経験者としての期待と現実のギャップに伴う葛藤と,前職との地域や組織文化の違いに伴う戸惑いが明らかとなった.また,保健師職への初期適応に起因する困難として,地域保健活動における視点の転換と実践の難しさや,保健師業務のマネジメントの難しさ,保健師業務に必要な基盤知識の理解の難しさ,自治体職員の役割理解と業務遂行の難しさが示唆された.こうした困難に対する支援の在り方としては,前職経験を活かした教育体制の整備,保健師としての実践力を育むOn the Job Trainingの導入,前職の経験がプレッシャーにならない組織文化の整備が有効であると考える.さらに,人材育成においては,キャリアラダーを活用し,前職の経験を踏まえたキャリア評価とフォローアップを行うことで,能力の体系的な向上や職務満足の促進,さらには組織全体での人材育成につながることが期待される.
キーワード:新任期保健師,多様な背景,プリセプター,人材育成
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the challenges experienced by novice public health nurses (PHNs) from diverse backgrounds and to clarify the types of support they found helpful.
Methods: Fourteen novice PHNs with diverse professional experiences, educational backgrounds, and ages, who were mentored by mid-level PHNs, were included. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted either individually or in focus groups between November 2023 and January 2024, to explore the challenges and the types of support the PHNs perceived as effective. The results were qualitatively analyzed using an inductive approach.
Results Among the 14 novice PHNs with diverse backgrounds, 13 had prior experience as nurses, and 5 had previous experience as PHNs. The average duration of their current employment was 1 year and 7 months. The different challenges the participant experienced included adjusting perspectives and practices in community health activities, managing PHN duties in contrast to previous roles, conflicts arising from the gap between rofessional expectations and workplace reality, understanding foundational PHN knowledge,understanding the roles and responsibilities of municipal employees, and adapting to cultural differences across regions and organizations in contrast to previous workplaces. The support perceived as effective included opportunities to develop interpersonal and community support skills as PHNs, educational systems that leveraged prior work experience, on-the-job training to enhance practical skills as municipal PHNs, and organizational cultures that did not burden individuals with their prior experience.
Conclusion: PHNs from diverse backgrounds face conflicts from the gap between professional expectations and workplace reality, and confusion from differences in regional characteristics and organizational cultures.Difficulties in adapting to the PHN role were highlighted, including changing perspectives and practices in community health activities, managing PHN duties in contrast to previous roles, understanding foundational PHN knowledge, and delineating the roles and responsibilities of municipal employees. Effective support strategies include establishing educational systems utilizing prior experience, implementing on-the-job training to foster practical skills, and cultivating organizational cultures that do not treat previous experience as a burden. Furthermore, in human resource development, employing career ladders and implementing career evaluations and follow-ups based on experience may promote systematic skill enhancement and job satisfaction, while also contributing to organization-wide development.
keywords : novice public health nurses, diverse backgrounds, preceptor, career development
