保健医療科学 Dental hygienists in Japan: Historical development and future directions(2026年2月)

『保健医療科学』 2026 Vol.75 No1 p.27-35(2026年2月)
Topics:Recent topics in public health in Japan 2026

< Review / 総説 >

Dental hygienists in Japan: Historical development and future directions

KURAMOTO Kinumi1),FUKUDA Hideki2)
1) Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health
2) Research Managing Director, National Institute of Public Health

日本における歯科衛生士の歴史的発展と今後の方向性

倉本絹美1),福田英輝2)
1)国立保健医療科学院生涯健康研究部
2) 国立保健医療科学院統括研究官

Abstract
 This article focuses on the dental hygienist profession in Japan, providing an overview of its history, education, employment status, roles, and future directions.
 Japan has become a super-aged society, and the dental ealthcare delivery system is shifting from a clinic-centered to a community-centered model, requiring services that are tailored to regional needs. Concurrently, changes in the epidemiology of oral diseases have shifted the emphasis from traditional treatment,toward the prevention of onset, progression, and recurrence, and toward the acquisition, maintenance, and restoration of oral function. Furthermore, looking ahead to 2040, the need for multidisciplinary collaboration for patients with combined medical and nursing care needs is increasing significantly, along with demand for oral health management for hospitalized patients and older adults requiring nursing care.
 In response, nationally licensed dental hygienists have attracted increasing attention. Established under the Dental Hygienist Act in 1948, Japanese dental hygienists perform three legally defined core duties:preventive dental procedures, dental assistance, and dental health guidance. Although most hygienists currently work in dental clinics in clinical roles, their roles are expanding into hospitals, longterm care facilities, and home-based settings. Education has advanced accordingly: Currently, the standard training period is 3 years, with 4-year university and graduate programs available. However, roughly half of licensed dental hygienists are not currently working in the field, underscoring an urgent shortage in dental care settings.The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) is currently promoting initiatives to secure dental hygienists. Furthermore, considering the anticipated increase in the older population aged 85 and over and the rising demand for home-based care, MHLW is exploring how dental hygienists can perform their duties more effectively and efficiently.
 Looking ahead, dental hygienists are expected to continue evolving as essential oral health professionals who are capable of meeting diverse and complex societal needs through multidisciplinary collaboration and community-based integrated care, and to contribute to improving the well-being of the population.

keywords : dental hygienists, oral health, history, education, employment status

 
<抄録>
 本稿では,日本の国家資格である歯科衛生士の歴史,教育,雇用状況,役割と今後の展望について概説する.
 日本は超高齢社会を迎え,歯科保健医療の提供体制は従来の歯科診療所完結型から地域完結型へと変化し,地域特性に応じた歯科保健医療の提供が求められるようになった.さらに,近年の口腔疾患構造の変化により,治療中心から疾患の発症予防・重症化・再発予防や,口腔機能の獲得・維持・回復へと焦点が移りつつある.また 2040 年を見据え,医療・介護の複合ニーズを有する患者への多職種連携や,入院患者・要介護高齢者への口腔管理のニーズがさらに増加している.
 こうしたニーズの変化を踏まえ,歯科衛生士が近年注目されている.日本の歯科衛生士は,1948年に「歯科衛生士法」に基づき誕生した長い歴史を持つ口腔保健の専門職であり,歯科予防処置,歯科診療補助,歯科保健指導の三つの法定業務を担っている.現在では大多数が歯科医院で勤務するが,病院・介護保険施設・在宅等へ活躍の場を広げている.歯科衛生士に求められる役割の広がりに伴い,歯科衛生士教育も高度化している.標準的な教育年限は 3 年制となり,4 年制大学課程や大学院教育も存在する.一方で,歯科衛生士免許取得者の約半数が未就業であり,歯科医療現場等での歯科衛生士不足は喫緊の課題となっている.
 厚生労働省では,歯科衛生士の確保に向けた取り組みの推進とともに,高齢者が増加し在宅医療のニーズが増加すると考えられる中で,効果的・効率的に実施できる歯科衛生士の業務のあり方についても検討が進められている.また,令和 6 年度歯科診療報酬改定では,リハビリテーション・栄養管理・口腔管理の連携・推進や,終末期の悪性腫瘍の緩和ケアの患者に対する口腔衛生管理の評価の充実が図られた.
 今後,歯科衛生士は多様なニーズに応える口腔保健の専門職として,多職種連携や地域包括ケアの中でも役割を担い,人々のウェルビーイングの向上に寄与することが期待される.

キーワード:歯科衛生士,口腔保健,歴史,教育,雇用

Dental hygienists in Japan: Historical development and future directions

ページの先頭へ戻る